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Case Studies for Ethnography

I conduct short fieldworks at La Scala (Milan), Paris Opera and the Met (New York), queuing for tickets, conversing with fans and taking field notes during performances, entr’actes and autograph hunting. These activities are the loci of intense fan socialisation. These opera houses have been chosen because they meet several criteria: a substantial group of local fans, a recognised centrality in the patterns of mobilities of opera lovers from other cities/countries, a long and abudant opera season, a major engagement in streaming and social media. The balance of these common points, however, is different. While La Scala boasts a ‘legendary’ group of fans (the loggionisti, who sit in the uppermost gallery, the loggione), the Met owns an appreciated streaming platform for watching operas and has a unique tradition in opera broadcasting (from the Met Live in HD to the Nightly Opera Streams developed during the pandemic). The Paris Opera manages two opera houses for different repertoires (most operas are performed at the Opera Bastille, but the Palais Garnier hosts baroque and classical operas) plus a video platform.

Digital Ethnography

Digital ethnography includes textual analysis, digitally-mediated field notes and online participant observation. I focus on fan participation in opera cyber-communities, exploring the production and circulation of content: comments/discussions on social media, threads on dedicated forums, reviews in fanzines and fan sites, memes and audiovisual material. Analysed topics involve singers, recordings, season programmes, operatic events, personal experiences, and discussions about digital media. I also pay attention to the online response of ‘live’ performances and of further events explicitly conceived for the Web (a rising phenomenon, as proved by the series Met Stars Live in Concert). I use the software NVivo for social network analysis and a purpose-built database of textual and digital media pieces.

Interviews

Online and offline ethnography is complemented by interviews. I conduct several in-depth semi-structured interviews with fans, the administrators of web communities, and the directors of media and communication of the opera companies involved. Online interviews, where necessary, can be easily adapted to the schedules of both the interviewees and myself. The in-depth interview method is the most suited to understanding the interviewee’s viewpoint and interviewees are free to pursue themes not originally included in the question list.

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